Science : Ch 02 – Acids Bases and Salts

Calcium phosphate Ca₃(PO₄)₂  is a basic salt, as it is formed by the combination of a weak acid (phosphoric acid) and a slightly stronger base (calcium hydroxide)

The increasing order of acid strength is water < acetic acid < hydrochloride acid. Hydrochloride acid is a strong acid and ionises fully in water.

Citric acid is not a mineral acid. It is an organic acid or edible acid that is obtain from organic compounds

If 10 ml of H₂SO₄ is mixed with 10 ml of Mg(OH)₂ of the same concentration, the result solution be MgSO₄ which is a neutral salt and universal indicator will give the green colour in this solution

Acids turn blue litmus solution to red. They have a sour taste as in the case of vinegar and are sticky to touch. On the other hand, bases turn red litmus solution to blue. Bases are bitter in taste as in the case of baking soda and are slippery to touch.

Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) is the salt of carbonic acid (H₂CO₂) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Here NaOH is a powerful base and carbonic acid is a weak acid.

Chloralkali process is an industrial process that is used to form sodium hydroxide by electrolysis of aqueous solution of sodium chloride NaCl

When a small amount of acid such as hydrochloric acid is added to water, individual ions of the acid are dissociated This process is known as ionisation.

On a pH scale acidity ranges from 1 to 7 and it increases by moving down from 7 to 1 while basicity ranges from 7 to 14 which increases by moving up from 7 to 14.