Science : Ch 02 – Acids Bases and Salts

Calcium phosphate Ca₃(PO₄)₂  is a basic salt, as it is formed by the combination of a weak acid (phosphoric acid) and a slightly stronger base (calcium hydroxide)

The increasing order of acid strength is water < acetic acid < hydrochloride acid. Hydrochloride acid is a strong acid and ionises fully in water.

Baking soda’s formula does not show any relationship water molecules.

The tooth paste commonly used is alkaline or basic in nature as they contain mild bases such as sodium fuoride or sodium bicarbonate in their composition.

Acids turn blue litmus solution to red. They have a sour taste as in the case of vinegar and are sticky to touch. On the other hand, bases turn red litmus solution to blue. Bases are bitter in taste as in the case of baking soda and are slippery to touch.

Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) is the salt of carbonic acid (H₂CO₂) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Here NaOH is a powerful base and carbonic acid is a weak acid.

Lime (CaO) is the base that reacts with a dilute acid such as HCl to form a salt called calcium chloride.

Chloralkali process is an industrial process that is used to form sodium hydroxide by electrolysis of aqueous solution of sodium chloride NaCl

When the pH of an aqueous solution is higher, its acidic properties are weak. Thus, it is a base. When the pH an aqueous solution is lower, its basic properties are weak. Thus, it is an acid.