Science : Ch 02 – Acids Bases and Salts

Calcium phosphate Ca₃(PO₄)₂  is a basic salt, as it is formed by the combination of a weak acid (phosphoric acid) and a slightly stronger base (calcium hydroxide)

washing the hands with water will dilute the acid and wash it out. Any remaining acid will be neutralized with sodium hydrogen carbonate (baking soda) as it is a base. This will minimize the effect of damage caused by acid to the skin.

Citric acid is not a mineral acid. It is an organic acid or edible acid that is obtain from organic compounds

If 10 ml of H₂SO₄ is mixed with 10 ml of Mg(OH)₂ of the same concentration, the result solution be MgSO₄ which is a neutral salt and universal indicator will give the green colour in this solution

Baking powder is a mixture of sodium hydrogen carbonate and tartaric acid NaHCO₃ + H+ → CO₂ + H₂O + Sodium salt (from tartaric acid) of acid Carbon dioxide (CO₂) produced during reaction can cause bread or cake to rise and makes Baking powder, tartaric acid neutralises the salt and cake does not taste bitter.

The tooth paste commonly used is alkaline or basic in nature as they contain mild bases such as sodium fuoride or sodium bicarbonate in their composition.

Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide are strong acid and base respectively. So blending of strong acid and strong base will form neutral salt and water giving the pH value as 7.

Acids turn blue litmus solution to red. They have a sour taste as in the case of vinegar and are sticky to touch. On the other hand, bases turn red litmus solution to blue. Bases are bitter in taste as in the case of baking soda and are slippery to touch.

When a small amount of acid such as hydrochloric acid is added to water, individual ions of the acid are dissociated This process is known as ionisation.

When an acid responds with a base, a neutral salt is formed by the neutralisation process. As the neutralisation process is an exothermic reaction, the temperature of the solution become greater.