Science : Ch 02 – Acids Bases and Salts

The increasing order of acid strength is water < acetic acid < hydrochloride acid. Hydrochloride acid is a strong acid and ionises fully in water.

Citric acid is not a mineral acid. It is an organic acid or edible acid that is obtain from organic compounds

If 10 ml of H₂SO₄ is mixed with 10 ml of Mg(OH)₂ of the same concentration, the result solution be MgSO₄ which is a neutral salt and universal indicator will give the green colour in this solution

Baking powder is a mixture of sodium hydrogen carbonate and tartaric acid NaHCO₃ + H+ → CO₂ + H₂O + Sodium salt (from tartaric acid) of acid Carbon dioxide (CO₂) produced during reaction can cause bread or cake to rise and makes Baking powder, tartaric acid neutralises the salt and cake does not taste bitter.

hydrogen-containing compound such as glucose is not categorized as acid because it does not produce hydrogen ions or some other ions, when dissolved in water, and consequently does not conduct electricity

Chemical name of plaster of Paris is calcium sulphate hemihydrate. It is written in this form because two formula units of CaSO₄ share one molecule of water.

Acids turn blue litmus solution to red. They have a sour taste as in the case of vinegar and are sticky to touch. On the other hand, bases turn red litmus solution to blue. Bases are bitter in taste as in the case of baking soda and are slippery to touch.

HCI, being a polar covalent compound, easily ionses in water to form hydronium (H₃O+) and chloride ions (Cl– ). HCl (a strong acid) ionises completely in water to produce H+ and Cl–  ions. H+ ion dilutes with water molecules to produce hydronium ions.

When the pH of an aqueous solution is higher, its acidic properties are weak. Thus, it is a base. When the pH an aqueous solution is lower, its basic properties are weak. Thus, it is an acid.