Science : Ch 04 – Carbon and its Compounds

Only 0.03% of atmospheric air contains carbon in the form of carbon dioxide. The natural concentration of  carbon monoxide  in  the air  is around 0.2 parts per million (ppm).

A molecule of ammonia (NH₃) has only single bonds. The atomic number of N is 7. Its electronic configuration is ȷ2, Ǩȸ so it needs 3 more electrons to complete its octet.

Carbon always forms covalent compounds by sharing its electrons with other at atoms.The two electrons shared by the atoms are attracted to the nucleus of both the atoms.

Reaction between an acid and an alcohol results in the formation of ester, and the reaction is named as esterification.

The major constituent of the liquefied petroleum gas is butane.

Pencil lead is formed of graphite. Graphite is an allotropic form of carbon in which each carbon atom is joined to three others, forming layers

Ethanoic acid when treated with baking soda (Sodium hydrogencarbonate) gives brisk effervescence of Carbon dioxide gas.

Cyclobutane is a cyclic hydrocarbon consisting of four carbon atoms where each carbon atom is attached to the two other carbon atoms and two hydrogen atoms.

As the compound, CH₃CH₂CH=CH₂ contains four carbon atoms and a double bond attached to the first carbon, so the I.U.P.A.C name of CH₃CH₂CH=CH₂ is But-1-ene.